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1.
Estilos clín ; 19(1): 14-39, abr. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-717543

ABSTRACT

Com base em interrogações concernentes à especificidade da clínica psicanalítica com bebês, retomamos o método winnicottiano denominado "Observação de bebês em uma situação estabelecida" (Winnicott, 1941/1978a) para recuperar seu alcance teórico-clínico. Com esse instrumento, Winnicott avalia a condição psíquica do bebê em um setting específico que inclui o clínico, a mãe, o bebê e uma espátula reluzente. O instrumento winnicottiano, mesmo tendo sido descrito em um artigo da década de 1940, é atual e eficaz para reconhecer os sinais precoces de sofrimento do bebê...


Departing from interrogations concerning the specificity of the psychoanalytical practice with infants, we resume the Winnicottian method known as "The observation of infants in a set situation" (Winnicott, 1941/1978a) in order to recover the theoretical and clinical range of this instrument. Through this instrument, Winnicott evaluates the psychic condition of the infant and locates his/hers behavioral pattern in a specific setting, which includes the doctor, the mother, the infant, and an object (a shiny spatula). We believe that the Winnicottian´s instrument, even though described in an article written in the 40's, is current and efficient in recognizing early signs of baby distress...


De las cuestiones relativas a la especificidad del método psicoanalítico con niños reanudó Winnicott llama "La observación de bebés en una situación establecida" (Winnicott, 1941/1978a). Con este instrumento, Winnicott evaluar el estado mental del bebé en un entorno específico que incluye al médico, la madre, el bebé y un cuchillo reluciente. Creemos que el instrumento de Winnicott, a pesar de que fue descrito en un artículo publicado en los años 40, es la manera actual y eficaz para reconocer los primeros signos de sufrimiento bebé...


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child Development , Infant Welfare , Psychoanalysis
2.
Aval. psicol ; 9(3): 461-470, dez. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-591065

ABSTRACT

Este artigo investigou a relação entre o desempenho intelectual de crianças com alta e baixa plumbemia e os estilos partentais maternos. Utilizou-se o WISC-III e o IEP. Participaram do estudo 40 crianças, com idades entre 7 e 13 anos, e 40 pais, todos moradores da área de risco próximo ao local de contaminação. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos : G1 - 20 crianças com alta plumbemia (superior a 10µg/dl); G2 - 20 crianças com baixa plumbemia (inferior a 10µg/dl). Os resultados apontaram prejuízos no WISC-III para as crianças com Pb-S superior a 10µg/dl e predomínio de práticas educativas negativas foi encontrado em ambos os grupos, com significância estatística ao nível de 5%. Tais resultados sugerem que um ambiente com fontes de estimulação pode minimizar os prejuízos causados pela contaminação, sendo que as práticas educativas dos pais poderiam contribuir, tendo uma influência moduladora dos efeitos do chumbo.


This study investigated the children's intellectual development with high and low blood lead level with the parenting styles in the respective interactions with these children. The WISC-III and IEP (Parenting Styles Inventory) were used. Were studied 40 children , with ages among 7 to 13 years old, and 40 parents, who lived in a risk spot near the contamination area. The children were divided into two groups: G1 - 20 children with blood lead level above 10µg/dl; and G2 - 20 children with blood lead level lower than 10µg/dl. The results indicated damages on WISC-III for the children with Pb-S than 10µg/dl and prevalence of practices educational negatives were found in both groups, with statistical diffence (5%). The environmental stimulation can minimize the damages caused by the lead poisoning, and the parent's positive educative practice can contribute as modulator of the lead's effect.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Development , Cognition , Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Wechsler Scales
3.
Pró-fono ; 22(3): 345-350, jul.-set. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-564987

ABSTRACT

TEMA: desempenho de crianças com PKU no Teste de Screening de Desenvolvimento Denver - II. Introdução: a fenilcetonúria é uma desordem autossômica recessiva resultante da mutação do gene localizado no cromossomo 12q22.24.1. OBJETIVO: caracterizar o desempenho de crianças com fenilcetonúria diagnosticadas e tratadas precocemente por meio do Teste de Screening de Desenvolvimento Denver II e dos níveis de fenilalanina sanguíneos. MÉTODO: participaram 20 crianças, dez com fenilcetonúria, diagnosticadas e tratadas desde o nascimento, de idade cronológica entre três a seis anos, e dez crianças do grupo típico, pareadas quanto ao sexo, idade e nível socioeconômico. Os níveis sanguíneos e as informações neurológicas, psicológicas e sociais foram obtidas no banco de dados do Programa de Triagem Neonatal para Erros Inatos do Metabolismo. A avaliação constou da aplicação do Teste de Screening de Desenvolvimento Denver-II. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e aplicação do teste estatístico de Mann Whitney para a caracterização das habilidades. Para as medições dos níveis plasmáticos sanguíneos de fenilalanina considerou-se os valores abaixo de 2mg/dL, acima de 4mg/dL, os valores de referência entre 2 e 4mg/dL, de todos os exames realizados no decorrer da vida dos participantes, os valores mínimos e máximos e o valor obtido na época da avaliação fonoaudiológica. Resultado: A comparação entre os grupos foi estatisticamente significante nas áreas pessoal-social e de linguagem. CONCLUSÃO: crianças com fenilcetonúria diagnosticadas e tratadas precocemente apresentaram prejuízo nas áreas pessoal-social e de linguagem e, mesmo com o acompanhamento periódico, apresentaram dificuldades para manter os níveis de normalidade de fenilalanina, embora realizassem o tratamento recomendado.


BACKGROUND: phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the mutation of a gene located in chromosome 12q22-24.1. AIM: to describe the performance of children with classic phenylketonuria, who were diagnosed and treated early, in the Development Screening Test Denver - II. METHOD: participants were 20 children with phenylketonuria, ranging in age from 3 and 6 years, and 10 children with typical language development, paired by gender, age and socioeconomic level to the research group. The plasmatic phenylalanine measure and the neurological, psychological and social information were gathered in the data base of the Neonatal Screening Programs for Metabolic disorder. Assessment consisted on the application of the Development Screening Test Denver II. A descriptive statistical analysis and the Mann Whitney test were used in order to characterize the tested skills. For the measurements of the plasmatic phenylalanine blood levels the values considered for analysis were: below 2mg/dL, above 4mg/dL, reference values between 2 and 4mg/dL, of all exams performed during the participants'lives; maximum and minimum values and values obtained on the day of the screening application. RESULTS: comparison between the groups indicated statistically significant differences for the personal-social and language areas. CONCLUSION:children who were diagnosed and treated early for phenylketonuria present deficits in the personal-social and language areas. Also, even when receiving follow-up and undergoing treatment, these children presented difficulties in maintaining normal plasmatic phenylalanine levels.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Phenylalanine/blood , Phenylketonurias/physiopathology , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Early Diagnosis , Phenylketonurias/diagnosis , Phenylketonurias/therapy , Reference Values , Statistics, Nonparametric
4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 14(2): 615-625, mar.-abr. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-504682

ABSTRACT

Este artigo discute aspectos do processo de saúde e doença entre crianças assistidas em um abrigo infantil de Belém, entre 2004 a 2005. Os dados foram coletados em fontes documentais e por meio de entrevista com técnicos da instituição. De um total de 287 crianças, constatou-se que 49,47 por cento apresentavam doenças, deficiências e lesões corporais quando do seu encaminhamento ao abrigo, que podem ser associadas à situação de pobreza e negligência familiar experimentadas desde o nascimento. Em relação ao período de permanência na instituição, verificou-se que as crianças contraíram doenças infecto-contagiosas (42,5 por cento) e manifestaram problemas de ordem emocional (18,83 por cento), que podem estar relacionados às características ambientais da instituição proporção adulto/criança inadequada (1:8), superlotação do espaço (75/mês). Os resultados permitem concluir que a condição de saúde das crianças traduz as situações de privação material e emocional a que foram submetidas no convívio com a família e ao longo de sua permanência no abrigo. Nesses termos, os processos de saúde e doença são discutidos a partir de uma perspectiva ecológica, que reconhece fatores biológicos, sociais e culturais que constituem a família e o abrigo como contextos de desenvolvimento da criança institucionalizada.


This article discusses aspects of health and disease processes among children attended in a child shelter of the city of Belém between 2004 and 2005. The data were collected from documental sources and through interviews with technicians of the institution. From a total of 287 children, 49.47 percent presented diseases, deficiencies and injuries when being admitted to the shelter, probably associated to the situation of poverty and negligence they were exposed to since they were born. During their permanence in the shelter, it was verified that the children contracted infecto-contagious diseases (42.5 percent) and manifested problems of emotional nature (18.83 percent) that can be related to the environmental characteristic of the institution - inadequate proportion adult/children (1:8) and overcrowding (75/month). The results allow concluding that the children's health conditions reflect the situation of material and emotional privation to which they were exposed when living with the family and during their permanence in the shelter. In this sense, the health and disease processes are discussed from an ecological perspective that recognizes the biological, social and cultural factors that constitute the family and the shelter as developmental contexts of the institutionalized child.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Child, Institutionalized , Health Status , Pediatrics , Brazil
5.
Rev. mal-estar subj ; 7(2): 329-352, sept. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485102

ABSTRACT

Este artigo procura sistematizar referenciais e concepções presentes na literatura que têm orientado a discussão sobre o que são e como funcionam os abrigos para crianças na faixa-etária de 0 a 6 anos. Nesse sentido, apresenta e discute concepções que definem o abrigo enquanto 1) instrumento da política de proteção social à infância, 2) instituição asilar infantil, 3) ambiente coletivo de cuidado e 4) contexto ecológico do desenvolvimento humano. O tom paradoxal que marca a relação entre proteção e risco em estudos sobre a qualidade do ambiente físico e social em instituições de abrigo é discutido em função da natureza complexa dessa modalidade de cuidado infantil e as implicações de suas características contextuais para o desenvolvimento da criança institucionalizada.


This article systematizes the conceptions in literature that have been guiding the discussion on what are and how operate shelters for children in the age from zero to six years old. In this way, it presents and discusses conceptions that define shelter as: 1) an instrument of social politics for childhood protection; 2) an institution for sheltering children; 3) a collective environment for care; and 4) an ecological context for human development. The paradoxical tone that marks the relationship between protection and risk in many studies about quality of physical and social environment in shelters is discussed in function of the complex nature of that kind of infantile care and the implications of their contextual characteristics for institutionalized child development.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , History, 21st Century , Shelter , Child, Institutionalized , Health of Institutionalized Children
6.
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association ; : 1324-1334, 1999.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-91641

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Schizophrenia, one of the major mental illnesses, shows abnormal developmental patterns such as delayed developmental milestones, impaired language and motor function, and poor premorbid social adjustment long before the onset of clinical symptoms of illness. In this study, we tried to find out developmental patterns and premorbid adjustment during childhood and adolescence in Schizophrenic patients. METHODS: The subjects were 56 inpatients (26 male patients and 30 female patients) who met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia by DSM-IV and 52 healthy control subjects (25 male patients and 26 female patients). Interview with subjects and their families and the review of medical records were done to assess sociodemographic factors, timing of developmental milestones, language and motor function of childhood, and timing of sexual maturational events. Obstetrical Complication Scale of Lewis was used to get information on the subjects' prenatal and perinatal history, and Premorbid Social Adjustment Scale (PSAS) to assess premorbid adjustment. RESULTS: 1) There were no significant differences in the rates of obstetrical complications. The deveolpmental milestones during infancy such as sitting, walking, age of first sentence were significantly delayed in the Schizophrenics than in the controls (p<0.05). 2) Disturbances of speech and language development were significantly more common in the schizophrenics than in the controls (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the rates of disturbance in motor development. Mean ages of reading and writing were significantly delayed in schizophrenics than in the controls (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between males and females for either language disturbance or motor disturbance in the Schizophrenics. 3) During adolescence, premorbid adjustment was poorer in Schizophrenic patients (p<0.05). The Schizophrenic patients scored significantly worse than the controls on both sociability and schooling domains (p<0.05). There was a trend for correlation between poor premorbid functioning and early age of onset, but it failed to achieve statistical significance (Spearman's coeff =-0.27, p=.07). 4) Male Schizophrenic subjects showed poorer premorbid functioning on schooling domain than female Schizophrenic subjects (p<0.05). No significant difference was recogni ed in timing of sexual maturational events between Schizophrenics and controls. CONCLUSION: In summary, the Schizophrenics were significantly delayed in infantile developmental milestones, impaired in development of language, delayed mean age of reading and writing, and showed poorer premorbid social adjustment than the controls.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Age of Onset , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Inpatients , Language Development , Medical Records , Schizophrenia , Social Adjustment , Walking , Writing
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